Singleshaft centrifugal compressors compressors and. Pdf optimization design of igv profile in centrifugal. If this additional flow is not required, the compressor intake must be throttled back to maintain the capacity required. Tre model centrifugal compressor,000th ihisullair centrifugal 1. Optimization design of igv profile in centrifugal compressor article pdf available in mathematical problems in engineering 20172. One of the discussion points for this study is the frequency induced to impeller, which is related to number of wakes from the guide vanes. The centrifugal compressor for chillers that we have developed adopts a 2stage structure in which two impellers are mounted to a single rotating shaft. Plant engineering centrifugal air compressor basics. Novel igv designs for centrifugal compressors and their. Clearly, the performance of a centrifugal compressor depends on details of the impeller geometry, which are not included in the 1d model presented here, such as the curvature of the impeller. The term section defines all the compression components between inlet and discharge flanges. In general the centrifugal compressor may be known as a fan, blower, supercharger etc, depending on the need to be served.
It is therefore the analysis of one, say centrifugal compressor, will also holds good to the other machines like blower. They are designed to customer specifications and api 617 standards. They are usually mounted at the inlet to the first stage. Researcharticle optimization design of igv profile in centrifugal compressor qisun,1,2 chunjunji,1,3 junyifang,1 chunyangli,1 andxiaolinzhang1. A compressor case body may contain multiple sections if the gas is. Save energy when running at less than full capacity save energy on cooler days variable inlet guide vanes are an ingenious yet simple option that. How to read a centrifugal compressor performance curve. Broadly speaking, fans are the lowpressure compressors. Then you can include theigv into the calculation both in a 1d2d module or 3d cfd module. Our customers rely on them for a number of applications, including fuelgas boosting.
The members of the centrifugal compressor section of cagi can provide that assistance. Figure 3 flow path and 3d model of centrifugal compressor with axial igv. Igv for centrifugal compressors turbomachinery blog. Peres glenn research center, cleveland, ohio prepared for the 47th aerospace sciences meeting sponsored by the american institute of aeronautics and astronautics orlando, florida, january 58, 2009. Centrifugal compressors and pumps are widely used in a range of industrial applications such as refrigeration and air conditioning, turbo. Inlet guide vane igv rotors bearings seals oil systems control system seal gas system magnetic bearing control system 1116 design. The most efficient region for centrifugal compressor operation is in a. The first stationary row which comes in front of the rotor is typically called the inlet guide vanes or igv each successive rotorstator pair is called a compressor stage. Centrifugal compressors, in general, are used for higherpressure ratios and lowerflow rates compared to lowerstage pressure ratios and higherflow rates in axial compressors. F igure 71 b is a typical motor driven single stage centrifugal compressor with internal gear and the figure 71 c is a typical multistage centrifugal machine without the driver nor steel base. Figure 2 shows the standard structure of a centrifugal compressor igv. Surging and choking in centrifugal compressor in fluid. How capacity control is achieved by igvs in centrifugal compressor. Horizontally split casings, for low and medium pressure, can be supplied in welded steel structures andor cast steel to.
Thus, wakes result from a combination of short and long vanes. You can also create numerical experiments, comparing design and offdesign performance with different igv profiles and angle setting. In this situation, an igv can provide substantial power savings over an inlet butterfly valve. Centrifugal compressors an overview sciencedirect topics. This relative motion leads to viscous and inviscid potential interaction between blade rows. Linear quadratic gaussian control with integral action lqgi and model predictive control mpc are investigated. A 1d mean line model for centrifugal compressors with. Igv technology developed can be applied in a wide variety centrifugal compressors as well as for cryogenic application. The main objective was to assess the influence wet gas has on the vigv performance, how vigv performs compared to variable speed. Now we will various curves and point so check in the centrifugal compressor performance curve. Article variable inlet guide vanes boost centrifugal air compressor efficiency. Threedimensional blade profiles, diffuser flow angles, crossover bend curvature, area ratio, and return channel vane shapes are optimized for each impeller stage to. Driving centrifugal compressor technology brochure atlas copco.
In this video i have explained surging and choking in centrifugal compressor with pressure ratio verses mass flow rate diagram. The efficient operation of igv is limited to the range of aerodynamic characteristics of their vane profiles. This manual does not for designing centrifugal compressor and those parts. Driving centrifugal compressor technology over the past century, atlas copco has built close relationships with customers around the globe. Multivariable control for regulating high pressure. In order to find out the best vane profile for igv regulation, the modern optimization method was adopted to optimize the inlet guide vane profile. Figure 72 is a typical cutaway for a 3stage centrifugal compressor and figure 73 is. Variable inlet guide vanes boost centrifugal compressor efficiency. All centrifugal compressor designers want to achieve the highest efficiency as well as wide operating range. From standard processes to highpressure applications, our singleshaft compressors are the ideal solution for a wide range of industries and process applications. Igv angle can be varied so that a higher pressure ratio is developed by the compressor without having to reduce the inlet flow provided the surge limit is not reached. Hitachi compressor worldwide sales service network main.
Centrifugal compressor characteristic map 1st vane 2nd vane 2nd igv adjusts the inlet flow angle of 2nd impeller for optimizing compression condition without electric power consumption, refrigerant flow is passively controlled by buoyancy save operation cost. In centrifugal compressors, igv is typically used to modify the mass flow rate without acting on the rotational speed or compressor ratio 6. Tetu carrier corporation syracuse, ny, usa telephone. Both are actuated by the compressor control system as a reaction to system demand. In a twostage compressor, inlet guide vanes igv on the 151 stage have virtually no effect on the 2d stage impeller.
Integral gear technology the concept that drives our centrifugal. Igv wake effect in centrifugal compressor igv wake effect in centrifugal compressor jiang, h xi, g gong, wq zhang, w. Upgrade variable inlet guide vanes for centrifugal. Api 617 centrifugal compressor fundamentals youtube. As the flow passes through the centrifugal impeller, the impeller forces the flow to spin faster as it gets further from the rotational axis. Variable guide vanes at the inlet of a centrifugal compressor stage are used as an effective means of unloading an impeller. The compressor has two stages, and is driven by a threephase induction motor. On the other hand, our compressor adopts a structure with impellers. Design and numerical investigation of advanced radial.
Cop the highestefficiency centrifugal compressor for hfc4ain the market. You can also create numerical experiments, comparing design and offdesign performance with different igv. Solutions for reduced life cycle costs of centrifugal compressors. The compressor remains in the unloaded condit compressor resumes load at full flow and the cycle is repeated. Development of highefficiency centrifugal compressor for. Our centrifugal gas compressors are a reliable solution for meeting this challenge. Understanding centrifugal compressor capacity controls.
Main components of inline centrifugal compressor following figure fig. These guide vanes direct the air onto the compressor at the correct angle. Two devices are used to control the inlet flow to a centrifugal air compressor. A typical variable igv centrifugal compressor performance map. Pdf optimization design of igv profile in centrifugal compressor. In the case where flow passes through a straight pipe to enter a centrifugal compressor the flow is straight, uniform and has no vorticity, ie swirling motion, so the swirl angle. Axial and centrifugal compressor mean line flow analysis method joseph p. Figure 71 a is a typical single stage centrifugal compressor.
Our centrifugal compressors feature a very compact design. This manual is intended as a guide for application engineers, consultants, sales. Table 1 shows the fundamental features of the fuel gas compressor. According to these studies, the flow distortion upstream of impeller can cause significant efficiency drop and reduce the surge margin for the compressor stage while the performance. Kobelco centrifugal compressors are widely used for various process gas and air services in oil refining, petrochemical, air separation, plant and instrument air and energy services. Design of a singlestage centrifugal compressor and. The red colourmark represents the operating point of the. Variable inlet guide vane igv is used to control the mass flow and generate prewhirl in centrifugal compressors. Igv wake effect in centrifugal compressor, experimental. For each guide vane setting the impeller will have a unique pressureflow characteristic. Compressor impeller and matched stationary flowpath components are developed using computational fluid dynamics cfd analyses and other current design tools. How capacity control is achieved by igvs in centrifugal. This video is an excerpt from api 617 centrifugal compressor e learning course.
Since the capacity controls on a centrifugal compressor are a bit more complex than positive displacement types of compressors, consulting a factorytrained technician is always recommended. They can be easily maintained, with minimum downtime. Compression solutions can be supplied in a variety of configurations from skid mounted, combining the compressor. Figure 63 is a map for centrifugal compressors that shows the effect of specific speed n s and specific diameter d s on their efficiency.
The literature on igv investigations for centrifugal compressors mainly falls into the following categories. The lqgi and mpc controllers are compared to a standard proportional integral. The application range for centrifugal compressors extends up to 100 barg 1,500 psi and 450,000 m3h 265,000 cfm. At this moment the compressor will unload, ibv or igv will close and an unloading valve fully opens. Pdf multivariable control for regulating high pressure. In addition, every plant has different pressure and flow needs.
The following interview describes how centrifugal compressor efficiency can be improved thanks to recent developments in igv technology. Igv wake effect in centrifugal compressor springerlink. Centrifugal compressors are widely used in many fields such as aircraft engine, energy. The objective of this paper is to develop a multivariable control system for a class of centrifugal compressors, which exploit as control signals both the rotational speed and the inlet guide vane igv. It can be seen from the two curves that these two methods cover different compressor. Variable inlet guide vanes boost centrifugal compressor. Axial and centrifugal compressor mean line flow analysis. Compressor lineup 3 4 hitachi centrifugal compressors hitachi centrifugal compressors. Researcharticle optimization design of igv profile in. Conversely if the pressure at discharge is required to be lower. Optimization design of igv profile in centrifugal compressor.
While a compressor can be designed with a particular operating condition in mind, it is often necessary to run the compressor over a wide flow range. Manual purpose to be used for selection, application into the system, power and cooling water estimation. The compressor will be driven by a steam turbine rotating at 3000 rpm, supplied by egp. Factory expansion project initiated ihisullair celebrates 10 year anniversary.
755 887 973 1626 426 1645 790 447 200 1515 316 1551 303 200 1413 394 523 1040 1209 482 1617 821 6 171 400 363 189 834 1186 1543 1556 781 838 1146 1217 417 150 577 271 65 929